For professional drivers, understanding how to optimize the loading of a truck not only to comply with transportation regulations, but also to maximize the efficiency and profitability of each trip. Proper load distribution and securing can reduce vehicle wear and tear, improve fuel consumption, and minimize the risk of accidents, fines, or legal problems.
In this detailed guide, we will explain the key aspects of current regulations regarding maximum permitted weights and dimensions, the different types of cargo and their particularities, as well as practical and effective advice to achieve safe, stable and efficient loading. Additionally, we will address some best practices to avoid violations and optimize space, loading and unloading time, thereby improving service quality and overall transportation performance.
Loading and unloading procedure
The process of loading and unloading goods follows a generally standard structure, divided into five key steps that guarantee safety and compliance with regulations:
- Registration at the entrance: The shipper receives the carrier, who previously identifies himself and presents the necessary documentation. This step is essential to ensure that the merchandise is ready for loading or unloading.
- Dock assignment– The carrier is assigned a specific dock where they can park the truck, streamlining the flow in the warehouse.
- Loading or unloading operation: the dock hatch is deployed to secure the truck and execute the maneuver. The load protections are released, and the loader (except in pre-arranged cases) is responsible for handling the load, moving the pallets or packages with a pallet jack or forklift to safely load or unload from the truck.
- Merchandise verification: once loading or unloading is completed, the merchandise is verified in the warehouse to verify that it is correct and in good condition. If the carrier detects irregularities, they must note them in the consignment note for future claims.
- Signature and seal of the delivery note: After confirming that everything is in order, the shipper signs and seals the carrier’s copy of the delivery note. In the case of some operators, such as Ontruck, the carrier digitizes the delivery note and uploads it to the platform so that it is available within 24-48 hours.
Maximum weights allowed in trucks
Complying with weight limits is crucial to avoid penalties and ensure road safety. Trucks have load limits that vary depending on the type and number of axles. Some examples of maximum allowable weights include:
- 2 axle rigid truck: until 18 tons
- 3 axle rigid truck: until 26 tons
- 4 axle rigid truck: until 32 tons
- 5-axle articulated truck or trailer: until 40 tons
- Trailer with 6 axles: until 44 tons in some cases.
Exceeding the authorized weight can not only result in penalties, but also increases the risk of accidents and accelerates wear and tear on the truck.
Types of cargo in trucks
Knowing the different types of cargo is essential to transport it properly and safely. The main types of cargo and their particularities are detailed below:
- Carga completa o Full Truck Load (FTL): Uses the truck’s full capacity for a single customer, ideal for high volumes without additional stops.
- Fractional load or Less than Truck Load (LTL): Space shared between several clients with smaller volumes, ideal for optimizing the use of the truck.
- bulk cargo: Includes unpackaged materials, such as sand, cement, or grain, that require specialized vehicles.
- Palletized load: Products are placed on pallets for easy handling and transportation.
- Dangerous cargo: Hazardous materials such as chemicals require compliance with ADR regulations and specific labeling. If you want more information about the transport of dangerous goods, read our article.
Good practices for loading a truck safely and profitably
- Distributes weight evenly
Correct weight distribution in the truck is key to avoiding overloading of the axles and reducing the risk of overturning. Place the heaviest load low and close to the front axles to lower the center of gravity. - Secure the load well
Use straps, nets and other approved fastening elements to secure each package or pallet. Periodically check the charging status during the journey, especially on long routes. - Check the condition of the truck before loading
Make sure that brakes, tires and suspensions are in perfect condition to support the weight of the load. - Optimize space for breakbulk cargo
Arrange space so early delivery packages are accessible. This avoids load movements at each stop, saving time and effort. - Plan efficient routes
a good route planning helps reduce fuel consumption and delivery times, improving transportation profitability. Avoid areas with heavy traffic or weight restrictions. - Always comply with weight and loading regulations
Complying with these rules avoids penalties, reduces wear and tear on the vehicle, and ensures a more stable ride.
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