Requirements to transport dangerous goods: what do you need?
Transport dangerous goods It is a task that requires a lot of responsibility. This is why its transportation is governed by strict regulations and it is not only enough to have the license for the vehicle being driven, but it is also necessary to have a special administrative authorization, the Agreement on the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). This permit seeks to guarantee maximum safety conditions for transporting these substances in Spain, in most countries of the European Union and in some areas of Asia and Africa.
In this article, we will explain the main requirements necessary for the transport of dangerous goods, from proper classification and packaging to appropriate documentation and vehicles. Understanding and complying with these requirements is essential to ensure safe and efficient management of the transport of dangerous goods.
1.Transport of dangerous goods: what do we mean?
The concept “transportation of dangerous goods” refers to the activity of transporting substances or materials that present significant risks to health, safety or the environment.
When we talk about dangerous goods, we refer to the following substances and their subtypes:
Explosive goods, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, self-reactive and desensitized explosive solids, oxidizing agents and organic peroxides, toxic and infectious materials, radioactive materials, corrosive materials and various dangerous materials and objects.
Due to the risks associated with these goods, there are international and national standards that establish how they should be classified, labeled, packaged and transported. These regulations are necessary to mitigate risks and prevent accidents, spills or incidents that may endanger public health and the environment.
The transportation of dangerous goods requires careful and precise management, from the correct classification and packaging of materials to the appropriate selection of vehicles and the training of the personnel involved.
Failure to comply with regulations regarding the transport of dangerous goods can lead to legal sanctions and endanger the safety of people and the environment.
2. Classification and labeling of dangerous goods
2.1. Classification of dangerous substances
The dangerous goods classification system is based on criteria defined by international organizations, such as the United Nations (UN) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Dangerous goods are classified into classes and subclasses, according to their nature and the risks they present. Some of the most common classes in the transport of dangerous goods are:
- Class 1: Explosives – They are classified into different categories depending on their sensitivity and the effect of the explosion.
- Class 2: Gases – They are classified into flammable gases, non-flammable gases and toxic gases.
- Class 3: Flammable liquids – Includes substances with a flash point below certain temperatures.
- Class 4: Flammable solids – Includes substances that can cause fire through chemical reactions or friction.
- Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides – Includes substances that can release oxygen and promote combustion
2.2. Labeling of dangerous goods on the truck
Dangerous goods must be properly labeled and labeled to indicate their class and associated risks. Pictograms and identification codes are used to provide clear visual information about cargo-specific hazards. In addition, the correct identification numbers and names of the substances must be included in the transport documents.
Source: https://osha.europa.eu/pl/themes/dangerous-substances/clp-classification-labelling-and-packaging-of-substances-and-mixtures
2.3. Packaging requirements
In the transport of dangerous goods, the goods must be packed in appropriate packaging that meets the specific standards and requirements for each class of goods. This involves the use of strong, airtight and appropriate containers to contain and protect the cargo during transport. They must have visible and legible hazard labels and markings.
3. Documentation necessary for the transport of dangerous goods
- Specific driver’s license: In addition to the standard license, an additional or special permit may be required to transport dangerous goods. In some cases, a specific certification may be required, such as the ADR certificate in Europe.
- Certificate of competency: Some regions may require truck drivers to obtain a certificate of competency demonstrating their knowledge and training in the safe handling of dangerous goods. This certificate may require completion of an approved training course.
- Dangerous goods transport document: A transport document must be carried that provides detailed information about the dangerous cargo. This includes the name and address of the sender and recipient, an accurate description of the merchandise, its classification according to applicable regulations, UN identification numbers, the quantity transported and any necessary safety precautions.
- Safety Data Sheets (SDS): For each hazardous substance transported, safety data sheets must be available. These documents contain detailed information on the physical and chemical properties of the substance, health and environmental risks, recommended safety measures and emergency procedures.
- Hazard Labels and Marks: The containers and the truck must have appropriate and visible labels and danger markings. These indicate the class and type of danger of the merchandise. Additionally, the truck must have the emergency identification number and emergency response contact numbers visible on the outside.
- Transport record: It is important to keep a detailed record of each dangerous goods transportation trip made. This includes information on the date, origin and destination, quantity and type of merchandise transported, as well as any incidents or accidents that occurred during transportation.
4. ADR Certificate: why it is important and how to obtain it
The acronym ADR stands for ‘Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road’. In Spanish it translates as European Agreement on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road.
According to the regulations, the ADR Certificate It is a document that certifies that a driver has received the necessary training and meets the requirements for the transport of dangerous goods by road.
The ADR is valid for 5 years and to renew the authorization, you must take recycling courses and pass an exam from the Traffic Department.
To obtain ADR authorization, the following requirements must be met:
- Have a class B driving license for at least one year.
- Take a training course at an academy authorized by the DGT and pass an exam on driving freight transport.
- Have normal residence in Spain.
- Not be judicially incapacitated from the right to drive motor vehicles or have the license suspended.
- Have the psychophysical aptitudes to obtain the class C1 permit.
- On the road it is worth always following the rules, for your safety and that of everyone. This is why you must train to do this job. In the case of transporting dangerous goods without having obtained the ADR, the driver is committing a very serious infraction punishable by fines.
5. What requirements must your vehicle meet when transporting dangerous goods?
Vehicle suitability: The vehicle must be suitable for the transport of dangerous goods and comply with established technical and safety standards. This implies that the vehicle must have the capacity and the necessary equipment to safely and adequately transport hazardous substances, such as separate cargo compartments, adequate ventilation systems and fire safety devices.
Marking and signage: The vehicle must bear visible and legible identification marks and signs indicating the nature of the risk and the types of dangerous goods transported. These marks and signs must comply with established labeling and signage standards and must be placed in appropriate locations, such as the sides and rear of the vehicle.
Emergency equipment: The vehicle must be equipped with appropriate safety and emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers, spill kits, personal protective equipment, and leak containment devices. This equipment must be accessible and in good working order.
Documentation on board: The vehicle must carry the necessary documentation. These documents must be available for inspection by the competent authorities at any time during transport:
- I.T.V. Technical Inspection Card
- Proof of the worker’s employment relationship with the company either through the last TC2 or payroll.
- Driver Training Certificate, if necessary
Maintenance and review: The vehicle must undergo regular maintenance and periodic technical inspections to ensure its good condition and operation. This includes checking brake systems, lights, tires and any other safety-critical components.
Trained driver: The driver of the vehicle must have the training and certifications necessary for the transport of dangerous goods. This includes holding the appropriate license and, in some cases, having specific training certificates in handling dangerous goods.
6. 3 tips to save on your trips with dangerous goods
6.1. Efficiently plan your routes
Take time to plan your routes efficiently. Avoid longer or congested commutes that can increase fuel costs and vehicle wear and tear. Use route planning tools that consider specific dangerous goods transportation restrictions and help you find the most direct and economical route.
More information: How can you save fuel ?
6.2. Recover your taxes on the transport of dangerous goods
Recovering taxes paid on the transport of dangerous goods can generate significant savings for your business. To take advantage of this opportunity, it is important to have a company specialized in tax recovery. At Andamur, we have expert professionals who can help you understand the specific legal and tax requirements, as well as manage the tax refund application process effectively.
6.3.Load optimization
Make the most of your vehicle’s loading capacity. Organize and stow goods correctly to avoid empty spaces or imbalances that could affect fuel consumption. Ensure you comply with all cargo regulations and standards related to dangerous goods to ensure safety and legal compliance.
